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BY PN LOH KAH YEAN
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CURRENTLY
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EMAIL: kahyeanloh@yahoo.com.my
FEEL FREE TO STROLL IN THIS BLOG
CLICK ON THE PAGES OF INTEREST TO YOU
DON'T FORGET TO LEAVE WHATEVER COMMENTS YOU MAY HAVE
YOU ARE ALSO WELCOMED TO DOWNLOAD ANY PART OF THIS BLOG
JUST ACKNOWLEDGE IN YOUR NEW DOCUMENT
AND LEAVE A WORD OR TWO IN THE COMMENT WINDOW...
BY PN LOH KAH YEAN
FORMERLY (2000-2010)
SMK TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA,
45200 SABAK BERNAM,
SELANGOR D.E.
CURRENTLY
SMK BANDAR BARU PUTRA,
31400 IPOH, PERAK.
EMAIL: kahyeanloh@yahoo.com.my
Photo Gallery (With Latest Addition on Carnival Biology 2010)
P&P (POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS)
Headcount and PATS
Kajian Tindakan (Action Research)
PEKA (BIOLOGY PRACTICAL)
PAST FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE EVALUATION PAPERS
PAST YEARS' SPM/STPM BIOLOGY RESULTS
SCHEME OF WORK 2010
MISCELLANEOUS PAGE
HAPPY SURFING...
P&P (POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS)
Headcount and PATS
Kajian Tindakan (Action Research)
PEKA (BIOLOGY PRACTICAL)
PAST FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE EVALUATION PAPERS
PAST YEARS' SPM/STPM BIOLOGY RESULTS
SCHEME OF WORK 2010
MISCELLANEOUS PAGE
HAPPY SURFING...
shaerfatwa,
ReplyDeleteweak in any subject is not a problem. as for biology, just pay full attention in class and do constant revision. see me in my biology PATS clinic whenever you face any difficult topic. pretty soon you will improve like all my past years' students....
wen ching
ReplyDeletethe general characteristics of the sppm can be explained by the FLUID MOSAIC MODEL/THEORY:
-Fluid- it is not a solid sheet, it is made up of thicken fluid
-mosaic- protein molecules embedded/floating between them. the molecules are not static, they can move freely.
teacher,the firt test esei want to write in perrengan or list only?
ReplyDeleteregensbah
ReplyDeletewrite in complete sentences in a list form.
nurul huda .
ReplyDeleteteacher i had survey bekas for sell the insects, it's very expesive , the price for one balang RM 9.50 , if teacher have any idea for shop where sell that thing cheaap ,
thank you :)
nurul huda,
ReplyDeleteit's too expensive. don't buy...
teacher,im asyraf,
ReplyDeletei dont understand about hypertonic..can teacher taught me for secondly?
Asyraf,
ReplyDelete-larutan hypertonic ialah satu larutan yang mengandungi kepekatan "solute" yang tinggi.
Contoh,
larutan di luar sesuatu sel adalah hypertonic kepada sesuatu sel, maksudnya larutan di luar adalah lebih pekat (banyak "solute", kurang "water molecules"). Jadi, molekul air akan meresap (diffuse) keluar dari sel itu secara osmosis.
***osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration (down/according to the concentration gradient) until the equilibrium is achieved.
tq teacher
ReplyDeleteteacher..can u explain one more time about factors that effect the enzyme?(temperature)i dont understand..
ReplyDeleteAsyraf,
ReplyDeleteAt very low temperature, the kinetic energy of the substrate and enzyme molecules are low. It take a very long time for the substrate and enzyme to bind. Hence the rate of reaction is very low.
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the substrate and enzymes increases. The number of collisions between the substrate and enzymes increases and the number of enzyme-substrate complexes formed also increases. For every 10 C rise in temperature, the rate of enzyme-catalysed reaction increases double.
At the optimum temperature, the rate of reaction is maximum.
Above the optimum temperature, the kinetic energy in the substrate and enzymes increases. The number of collision between the substrate and enzymes also increases but the formation of enzyme-substrate decreases. This is because the increase kinetic energy causes some bonds like hydrogen and ionic bonds which help to hold the configuration of the enzyme break. The active site shape changes and is not able to bind with the sybstrate. The enzyme is denatured. The rate of reaction decreases.
At 60 C, all the enzymes are denatured.
Asyraf,
ReplyDeleteFor the explanation of "The effect of pH on the enzyme-catalyst reaction",you can refer "POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS".
ok teacher..
ReplyDeletetecaher,chapter 6 nutrition i does not understand about autotrophic and heterotrophic,can teacher explain to me?
ReplyDelete1)Autotrophic Nutrition
ReplyDeleteAutotrophs synthesize organic materials from inorganic materials. Some organisms derive their energy for this process from sunlight and are called photoautotrophs.
Example: Green plants
Other organisms use chemical energy and are called chemoautotrophs.
Example: Nitrifying bacteria. Photoautotrophs are the primary producers in food chains.
2)Heterotrophic Nutrition
Heterotrophs eat ready - made complex organic food. From this they obtain energy for metabolism, atoms and molecules to build new protoplasm or repair worn - out parts, and ions, co-enzymes and vitamins vital for chemical processes. There are four types of heterotrophic nutrition - saprophytic, parasitic, symbiotic and insectivorous.
teacher,can u explain futher about gas exchange.Biotic components involves like food chain techer?
ReplyDeleteAysraf,
ReplyDeleteGaseous exchange
-During the inhalation, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is higher than blood capillaries. Oxygen will diffuse into the blood capillaries by simple diffusion.
-In the blood, oxygen is combine with the haemoglobin in the red blood cell and carried by the red blood cells as oxyhemoglobin. Some of the oxygen will dissolve in the blood plasma and carried in the form of dissolved gases.
-At the body cells, this oxygen leaves the hemoglobin by easily diffusing through the capillaries.
-The cells can now carry out cellular aerobic respiration at the mitochondria for energy.
-The end products (metabolic wastes) of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide and water) now diffuse back out of the cells into the blood.
-Carbon dioxide will dissolve in the blood plasma and carried in the form of carbonic asicds, bicarbonate ion, or combine with the haemoglobin to form carbaminohaemogobin.
-These molecules then diffuse out of the blood through the walls of the capillaries which surround the alveoli and then are exhaled.
teacher,i dont understand about mangrove swamp well techer,can u explain futhter?
ReplyDeleteteacher about the chromosome, what happen to a human when sex chromosome xxy?
ReplyDeleteFikri,
ReplyDeleteKlinefelter's syndrome, 47 chromosomes (44+XXY). This syndrome is a condition in which a male has an extra X chromosome.
Affected males are often
-have a less muscular body, less facial and body hair, and broader hips.
-have larger breasts, weaker bones, and a lower energy level than other boys.
-infertile, or may have reduced fertility
-decreased testicular hormone/endocrine function. Because of this, individuals will often have a low serum testosterone level but high serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels.
-have small testicles
-Some degree of language learning or reading impairment may be present
Teacher . I will absent on 25/1 Saturday because my mother car have something problem thus I want to study the lesson on Monday recess time
ReplyDeleteJoey,
ReplyDeleteOk. Do the revision for:
(a) oedema, elephantiasis
(b) first line and second line of body defence.
Thanks.teacher
ReplyDeleteTeacher, where can I search the disease for active and passive immunity
ReplyDeleteI'm Firdaus Aziz
ReplyDeleteTeacher,
(i) is it the adaptive characteristics of tendons is inelastic muscle?
(ii) Are the walking movements involved ligaments and joints? Reference books only show it involved muscles and bones.Can you explain the whole process?
SAFWAN,
ReplyDeleteC3, C4, and CAM plants all carry out the same photosynthetic functions. They all have light-dependent reactions and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The major difference in C4 and CAM plants is when and where the carbon fixation initially occurs.
In C3 plants, the light reactions occur in the palisade mesophyll cells. Carbon fixation also occurs in these cells during the Calvin-Benson cycle. An enzyme called ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (rubisco for short) fixes incoming carbon dioxide molecules into three carbon molecules called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). The G3P goes thorough a series of reductions to form carbohydrate molecules. Because these biochemical pathways are virtually identical in all three types of plants, I won't elaborate on them.
C4 plants typically live in warmer, drier climates than normal C3 plants can withstand. When the outside air is hot and dry, C3 plants must close their stomata or they risk losing too much water via transpiration. But closing the stomata also cuts off the supply of CO2. As the influx of sunlight drives photosynthesis, CO2 levels fall and O2 levels rise. Because rubisco can fix oxygen as well as carbon dioxide, some of the molecules needed for regular photosynthesis become oxidized and useless if O2 levels get too high.
C4 plants solve this problem by not having carbon-fixation occur in the palisade mesophyll cells, where oxygen concentrations are high due to the splitting of water molecules (photolysis). Photolysis is necessary to replenish the electrons "lost" in reducing carbon compounds to carbohydrates. Instead, when carbon dioxide enters the leaf of a C4 plant, it is bonded to a three-carbon compound called phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by an enzyme called PEP carboxylase. PEP is much more specific for carbon dioxide than rubisco is, so there is less risk of photorespiration.
The resulting four-carbon molecule is called oxaloacetic acid (OAA). It is converted into another four-carbon molecule (malic acid), and actively transported to the bundle sheath cells. It's from this four-carbon "taxi" molecule that C4 photosynthesis gets its name. Because light reactions are not occurring in the bundle sheath cells, the O2 levels aren't high there. Therefore, carbon can be safely fixed by rubisco in the oxygen-poor bundle sheath cells.
Once malic acid reaches the bundle sheath cells, it is relieved of its fourth carbon, which converts it back into a three-carbon molecule. It returns to the mesophyll cells to gather more carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, the left-behind carbon molecule is fixed into G3P by rubisco and the rest is clockwork.
So the only real difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis is that between the light-dependent and Calvin-Benson cycle, there is an additional step where carbon is transported to the interior of the leaf.
CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (due to its first having been identified in plants of the family Crassulaceae). CAM plants live in extremely dry environments, where desiccation is an even bigger threat than in environments favored by C4 plants. CAM plants open their stomata at night to collect the CO2 they need. Since it's cooler at night, transpiration is not much of a problem. As in C4 photosynthesis, the plant fixes the carbon molecules into malic acid. Instead of shipping the malic acid to the bundle sheath cells, however, CAM plants store their malic acid in the mesophyll cells' vacuoles until dawn. When the sun (and the temperature) rises, the plants close their stomata to conserve water and begin using the carbon stored in their vacuoles in the Calvin-Benson cycle.
So...C3 plants carry out their light-dependent and Calvin-Benson reactions in the same place at the same time: in the mesophyll cells during the day.
SAFWAN,
ReplyDeleteC4 plants carry out their light-dependent and Calvin-Benson reactions at the same time, but in different places: the light reactions take place in the mesophyll cells while carbon fixation occurs in the bundle sheath cells.
CAM, like C3 plants, perform their light-dependent and Calvin-Benson reactions in the same place and at the same time, but they get their carbon from a store they build up overnight.
FIRDAUS ABDUL AZIZ,
ReplyDeleteYou are required to
-explain the movement shown in figure 6.3 by involving muscles, tendons, bones,ligaments and joints (Focus the description on their functions and relate it to the movement).
-give at least 2 points for each structure.
Teacher, can I know my result in paper 3?is it too bad?
ReplyDelete47.
ReplyDelete