POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS
FOR CLASSROOM P&P;
HELP REINFORCE OR CONSOLIDATE LEARNING;
AS A SAL (SELF-ACCESS LEARNING) RESOURCE;
FOR STUDENTS DOING THEIR REVISION;
PROMOTE BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND RETENTION...
1. HUMAN URINARY SYSTEM
2. RESPIRATION
3. HUMAN REPRODUCTION
4. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
5. THE HUMAN HEART
6. BODY DEFENCE AND IMMUNITY (Form 5)
7. CONTEXTUAL LEARNING - PLASMA MEMBRANE FORM4)
8. ENZYMES (FORM 6)
9. ENZYME INHIBITION (FORM 6)
10. ENZYMES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (FORM 6)
11. REGULATING BLOOD SUGAR
12. THERMOREGULATION
13. SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION 1 (FORM 6)
14. SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION 2 (FORM 6)
15. LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT (FORM5)
16. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY (FORM 6)
FOR CLASSROOM P&P;
HELP REINFORCE OR CONSOLIDATE LEARNING;
AS A SAL (SELF-ACCESS LEARNING) RESOURCE;
FOR STUDENTS DOING THEIR REVISION;
PROMOTE BETTER UNDERSTANDING AND RETENTION...
1. HUMAN URINARY SYSTEM
2. RESPIRATION
3. HUMAN REPRODUCTION
4. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
5. THE HUMAN HEART
6. BODY DEFENCE AND IMMUNITY (Form 5)
7. CONTEXTUAL LEARNING - PLASMA MEMBRANE FORM4)
8. ENZYMES (FORM 6)
9. ENZYME INHIBITION (FORM 6)
10. ENZYMES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (FORM 6)
11. REGULATING BLOOD SUGAR
12. THERMOREGULATION
13. SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION 1 (FORM 6)
14. SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION 2 (FORM 6)
15. LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT (FORM5)
16. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY (FORM 6)
Contextual Learning - Cell Structure/Function
teacher ,why cannot open the contextual learning of plasma membrane-form 4,wen ching
ReplyDeletei can't open it the form 4 presentasion...can you teach us how to open it? izzah 4-uia
ReplyDeletei think we need your adobe acrobat i.d/email to open it....
ReplyDeleteizzah
ReplyDeletegive me your e-mail address and i will add you as my viewer. another alternative, open an acrobat account of your own.
how to open form 4 presentasian???julius-4uia
ReplyDeleteJulius,
ReplyDeleteyou can give me your e-mail address and i'll add you as my viewer.
andrew_xy001@yahoo.com
ReplyDeletejulius-4uia
Teacher'Why still cannot open the contextual learning of plasma membrane? Reason is need give teacher my email address first?
ReplyDeleteszehuen,
ReplyDeleteafter entering the powerpoint you need, you will see ACROBAT LOADING, then you choose to sign up(create an acrobat account)with your email address as username and create a password.
Teacher'After that,what can i do?
ReplyDeleteszehuen,
ReplyDeleteafter that sign in the acrobat.
Sign in already,but still cannot see d contextual learning.That say< the document can't be found,or you don't have access to it.>
ReplyDeleteteacher,i try many times,but still cannot open,wen ching
ReplyDeletemy e-mail is regensbah@hotmail.com and password is 113355
ReplyDeleteizzah
ReplyDeletediya2312@yahoo.com
sorry late..
busy lately..
Madam can i know how to open the contextual learning
ReplyDeleteBy right it should appear on clicking.If it goes to acrobat, then u need to sign up & sign in to view.
ReplyDeleteWen Ching,
ReplyDeleteIntraspecific competition occurs among the same species for limited resources such as food, mates, etc
Interspecific competition occurs among two different species that needs the same thing such as space, nutrient, etc.
ex: paramecium caudatum and paramecium aurelia
All the ecological requirements of a species constitutes its ecological niche. The dominant requirement is usually food, but others, such as
•nesting sites
•a place in the sun (for plants)
may be important as well.
When two species share overlapping ecological niches, they may be forced into competition for the resource(s) of that niche. This interspecific competition is another density-dependent check on the growth of one or both populations.
Like so many factors in ecology, interspecific competition is more easily studied in the laboratory than in the field. This graph (based on the work of G. F. Gause) shows the effect of interspecific competition on the population size of two species of paramecia, Paramecium aurelia and Paramecium caudatum.
When either species was cultured alone — with fresh food added regularly — the population grew exponentially at first and then leveled off.
However, when the two species were cultured together, P. caudatum proved to be the weaker competitor. After a brief phase of exponential growth, its population began to decline and ultimately it became extinct. The population of P. aurelia reached a plateau, but so long as P. caudatum remained, this was below the population density it achieved when grown alone.
The habitat of most natural populations is far more complex than a culture vessel. In a natural habitat, the species at a competitive advantage in one part of the habitat might be at a disadvantage in another. In addition, the presence of predators and parasites would limit population growth of the more successful as well as the less successful species. So, in a natural setting, the less effective competitor is usually not driven to extinction.
Over time, interspecific competition can result in evolutionary changes that reduce the intensity of competition — a phenomenon called character displacement.
yu ke,
ReplyDelete1) Effects of pH
Enzymes are affected by changes in pH. The most favorable pH value - the point where the enzyme is most active - is known as the optimum pH.
Extremely high or low pH values generally result in complete loss of activity for most enzymes. pH is also a factor in the stability of enzymes. As with activity, for each enzyme there is also a region of pH optimal stability.
For example, trypsin and pepsin are both enzymes in the digestive system which break protein chains in the food into smaller bits - either into smaller peptide chains or into individual amino acids.
Pepsin works in the highly acidic conditions of the stomach. It has an optimum pH of about 1.5.
On the other hand, trypsin works in the small intestine, parts of which have a pH of around 7.5. Trypsin's optimum pH is about 8.
When we study pH, it is clearly defined as the measurement for the acidic or alkaline nature of a solution. To be more precise, pH indicates the concentration of dissolved hydrogen ions (H+) in the particular solution. An increase or decrease in the pH changes the ion concentration in the solution. These ions alter the structure of the enzymes and at times, the substrate either due to formation of additional bonds or breakage of already existing bonds. Ultimately, the chemical makeup of the enzyme and substrate are changed. Also, the active site of the enzyme is changed, after which the substrate can no longer identify the enzyme.
2) Vacuole
The function and importance of vacuoles varies greatly according to the type of cell in which they are present, having much greater prominence in the cells of plants, fungi and certain protists than those of animals and bacteria. In general, the functions of the vacuole include:
-Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell
-Containing waste products
-Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell
-Maintaining an acidic internal pH
-Containing small molecules
-Exporting unwanted substances from the cell
-Allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole
-In seeds, stored proteins needed for germination are kept in 'protein bodies', which are modified vacuoles
teacher,given Paramecium caudatum n Paramecium aurelia, is Paramecium the species? then the aurelia and caudatum r in which hierachy?
ReplyDeleteYu Ke,
ReplyDeleteParamecium - Genus name
aurelia/caudatum - species name
where can v get spm trial papers online..??
ReplyDeleteYu ke,
ReplyDelete-S phase: DNA will replicate.
-SPM trial paper: you can get it from my blog.
Amira,
ReplyDeleteGive me your email address. I'll add you as my viewer.
yu ke,
ReplyDeleteA) BLOOD CLOTTING
1)When a blood vessel is damaged,the vessel will constrict to minimize blood loss.
2)Platelets then stick to collagen fibres of damaged vessel wall and clumping together.
3)The platelets and clotting factor work together to produce Thromboplastin/Trombokinase.
4)Thromboplastion+calcium ions+vitamin K,catalyse the change of Prothrombin to Thrombin
5)Thrombin then catalyse the conversion of fibrinogen to Fibrin
6)Fibrin-seal the wound,trap erthrocytes(red blood cell)and platelets.
7)Serum is blood plasma without Fibrinogen
B)Blood flows away from the heart to arteries, which follow into arterioles, and then widen further into capillaries. After the tissue has been perfused, capillaries branch and widen to become venules and then widen more and connect to become veins, which return blood to the heart.
-venous end = the end of each venule
-arterial end = the end of each arteriole
lee xien,
ReplyDelete1)actually the percentage is not very important.sometime u will have different reading. all u need to know is the method of the transport of carbon dioxide. majority is in the form of hydrogen carbonate, followed by carbaminohaemoglobin and as dissolved molecules in the plasma.
2)antiserum is a serum containing antibodies. Obtained from an animal that has been exposed to antigen. Used in the prevention, treatment or diagnosis of infectious disease. Injection of antiserum is involved in artificial passive immunity.
ahmad zulhilmi,
ReplyDeletereport format:
aim (to......)
problem statement (question with ?)
hypothesis (shows the rerlationship between the manipulated & responding variable)
variable:manipulated, responding, fixed
apparatus
materials
technique (method 2 obtain the responding variable)
procedure (active form- palnning, passive form-after)
safety precautions
results (table/garph/diagram)
discussion (describe the rerlationship between the manipulated & responding variable),(if planning-without discussion)
conclusion (hypothesis is accepted/rejected. state what is the hypothesis)
rong rong,
ReplyDeleteu need to determine the manipulated & responding variable first:
manipulative variable:xylem tissue
responding variable: transportation of water
hyphothesis: xylem tissue involves in the transportation of water
Next time if u have any questions, u can ask through my blog...easier for me.
teacher ,
ReplyDeletei'm shalihin .
i not understand about the function of Golgi apparatus and ER(SER)(RER) .
can teacher translate in BM ?
shalihin,
ReplyDeleteER - 2 jenis iaitu SER & RER
-fungsi keseluruhan ER ialah untuk pengangkutan dalam sel
- SER mensintesis & mengangkut lipid
- RER mengangkut protein yang disintesis oleh ribosome
-protein & lipid akan dihantar oleh transport vesicle ke Golgi apparatus
-di Golgi apparatus, carbohydrate akan bergabung dengan protein, modify(diubahsuai) untuk membentuk glycoprotein.
-protein dan lipid pula akan modify untuk membentuk enzymes dan hormones.
-lepas itu, packaging(pembungkusan)berlaku. Kesemua final product (hasil) akan pack (bungkus) ke dalam secretory vesicle (dalam Golgi apparatus).
-lepas itu secretory vesicle akan bud off(meninggalkan) Golgi apparatus dan secrete(merembeskan)kesemua final product sama ada untuk kegunaan sel itu sendiri atau keluar melalui plasma membrane ke sel-sel yang lain.
mi ling,
ReplyDelete-Humoral, Cell‐Mediated Immune Responses
The immune system distinguishes two groups of foreign substances. One group consists of antigens that are freely circulating in the body. These include molecules, viruses, and foreign cells. A second group consists of self cells that display aberrant MHC proteins. Aberrant MHC proteins can originate from antigens that have been engulfed and broken down (exogenous antigens) or from virus-infected and tumor cells that are actively synthesizing foreign proteins (endogenous antigens). Depending upon the kind of foreign invasion, two different immune responses occur:
•The humoral response (or antibody-mediated response) involves B cells that recognize antigens or pathogens that are circulating in the lymph or blood (“humor” is a medieval term for body fluid). The response follows this chain of events:
•Antigens bind to B cells.
•Interleukins or helper T cells costimulate B cells. In most cases, both an antigen and a costimulator are required to activate a B cell and initiate B cell proliferation.
•B cells proliferate and produce plasma cells. The plasma cells bear antibodies with the identical antigen specificity as the antigen receptors of the activated B cells. The antibodies are released and circulate through the body, binding to antigens.
•B cells produce memory cells. Memory cells provide future immunity.
•The cell-mediated response involves mostly T cells and responds to any cell that displays aberrant MHC markers, including cells invaded by pathogens, tumor cells, or transplanted cells. The following chain of events describes this immune response:
•Self cells or APCs displaying foreign antigens bind to T cells.
•Interleukins (secreted by APCs or helper T cells) costimulate activation of T cells.
•If MHC-I and endogenous antigens are displayed on the plasma membrane, T cells proliferate, producing cytotoxic T cells. Cytotoxic T cells destroy cells displaying the antigens.
•If MHC-II and exogenous antigens are displayed on the plasma membrane, T cells proliferate, producing helper T cells. Helper T cells release interleukins (and other cytokines) which stimulate B cells to produce antibodies that bind to the antigens and stimulate nonspecific agents (NK and macrophages) to destroy the antigens.
Asyraf Afnan,
ReplyDelete-the structure of the plasma membrane can be explained by FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
-introduced by S.J. Singer & G. Nichoson
-FLUID means plasma membrane is not made up of solid sheet, it is made up of thickened fluid
-MOSAIC means (i)there are proteins molecules embedded between the phospholipid bilayer (ii) it is not static (iii) it can move freely.
-plasma membrane consists of phospholipid bilayer
-for 1 molecule of phospholipid, it consists of 1 hydrophilic head which is attract to water and 2 hydrophobic tails which is repelled by water or attract to lipid.
-there are 2 types of transport proteins (i)channel/pore proteins (ii)carrier proteins
-cholesterol can be found between the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid molecules.
-there are carbohydrate chain attached to the protein molecules to form glycoprotein.
-there are carbohydrate chain attached to the lipid molecules to form the glycolipid.
(DRAW THE DIAGRAM OF PLASMA MEMBRANE BEFORE YOU EXPLAIN IN DETAIL)
teacher can you explain certain about cell organization...
ReplyDeleteIrfan,
ReplyDeleteIn this subtopic, you need to know:
1)the living processes of unicellular
organisms, eg.Amoeba sp.(habitat, cell
structure, locomotion, feeding, reproduction,
respiration, excretion, osmoregulation)
2)five levels of organisation,
- cell,tissues,organ,system & multicellular
organism for human & plant.
3)definition for cell,tissues,organ,system &
multicellular organism.
4)examples for cell,tissues,organ,system &
multicellular organism for human & plants
(study all the diagrams in detail).
teacher...is there any notes about chapter 4???
ReplyDeletesafwan,
ReplyDeletefor the moment no. u can see me for further understanding...
Lee Xien,
ReplyDeleteFloating aquatic plants
-Their leaves are broad and flat which aid in flotation.
Submerged plants
-Fine and thin leaves bend with the water current as they provide little resistance in the water.
teacher..
ReplyDeletewhat the title for the latest experiment?
safwan,
ReplyDelete1)aim: to determine the concentration of the sucrose solution which is isotonic to the sel sap of potato strips.
2)inform shareza that i need her own bio objective answer. Send through my e-mail.
teacher...not that experiment..
ReplyDeletesecond experiment...
thnx..
teacher i doesn't now how to sent through ur email..1.D 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A
ReplyDelete11.C 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.B 21.B 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.B 26.A 27.B 28.A 29.A 30.D 31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.B 36.A 37.A 38.B 39.D 40.D 41.D 42.C 43.D 44.A 45.D 46.B 47.C 48.C 49.A 50.C
I'm so sorry teacher..
teacher , sya wkil kepada AMEER . ameer nk hantar PEKA hari selasa mnggu hadapan . boleh tak ?
ReplyDeletedan lagi satu . pelajar yang tidak datang ari ini hantar PEKA bile ?
ReplyDeletesafwankhalili,
ReplyDeleteQuestion: Absorption of digested food in small intestine.
3 main points:
1) mention absorption happened in the small intestine
2) adaptation of the small intestine
- long, about 6m, to increase the surface area for absorption of digested food
- highly folded, to increase to total surface area for absorption of digeated food
- consists of finger-like projection known as villi increase the surface area
- the epithelial cells which make up the surface of the villus have their own small projections called microvilli, these further increase the surface area which means that the digestion products can be absorbed more quickly.
- the epithelial cell is very thin , one cell thick, increase the efficiency of diffusion of digested food.
- each villus has a network of blood capillaries to transport the digested food that has been absorbed.
3) 2 typed of digested food (with the aid of the diagram of villus, explain the following):
-water/inlipid soluble digested food (glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, vitamin B & C, minerals)
-lipid soluble digested food (fatty acids, glycerol, Vitamin A, D, E & K)
Water/inlipid soluble digested food (glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, vitamin B & C, minerals)
- diffuse across the epithelium of the the villus into the blood capillaries
- carried by the hepatic portal vein to the liver, then to the heart and distributed to the body cells by circulatory system
Lipid soluble digested food (fatty acids, glycerol, Vitamin A, D, E & K)
- diffuse across the epithelium of the the villus into the lacteal.
- then carried by lymphatic vessel called left thoracic duct to the left subclavian vein, and distribute to the body cells by circulatory system.
who can teach how to open form 6, i couldnt open it
ReplyDelete